Worldwide Distribution of Major Clones of Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is worldwide a pathogen, but the geographic distribution of clones remains largely unknown. Genotyping of 300 isolates from the 5 continents and diverse sources showed the existence of few prevalent and globally distributed clones, some of which include previously described epidemic clones. Cosmopolitan distribution indicates the need for genotyping standardization

Hybrid BCI Coupling EEG and EMG for Severe Motor Disabilities

AbstractIn this paper, we are studying hybrid Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) coupling joystick data, electroencephalogram (EEG – electrical activity of the brain) and electromyogram (EMG – electrical activity of muscles) activities for severe motor disabilities. We are focusing our study on muscular activity as a control modality to interact with an application. We present our data processing and classification technique to detect right and left hand movements. EMG modality is well adapted for DMD patients, because less strength is needed to detect movements in contrast to conventional interfaces like joysticks. Across virtual reality tools, we believe that users will be more able to understand how to interact with such kind of interactive systems. This first part of our study report some very good results concerning the detection of hand movements, according to muscular channel, on healthy subjects